Systematic Literature Review (SLR): Skip Generation Parenting Terhadap Kemandirian Anak Usia Dini

Abstract

Skip generation parenting refers to a parenting arrangement in which grandparents become the primary caregivers because parents are unable to provide direct care due to employment, migration, divorce, or death. Previous studies have reported inconsistent findings regarding its influence on early childhood independence. This study aimed to synthesize empirical evidence concerning the influence of skip generation parenting on children's independence and identify factors contributing to successful caregiving. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) following the PRISMA guidelines was conducted. Articles were retrieved from Google Scholar and Scopus using Publish or Perish. From 162 identified studies, 15 empirical articles published within the last five years met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed using qualitative content analysis and narrative synthesis. The findings indicate that skip generation parenting does not directly determine children's level of independence. Instead, children's independence is primarily influenced by caregiving quality, including democratic parenting practices, consistent habituation, emotional attachment, effective communication between parents and grandparents, and collaboration with early childhood teachers. Conversely, permissive parenting, overprotection, and inconsistent caregiving practices tend to inhibit the development of independence. These findings suggest that the quality of parenting, rather than caregiver status, is the primary determinant of children's independence